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Bibliography
Barkay, G.
1992 “The Iron Age II-III.” Pp.
302-373 in The Archaeology of Ancient Israel. Ed.
Amnon Ben-Tor. Trans. R. Greenberg. New Haven: Yale
University Press. Good overview of inhabited sites with
a brief discussion on fortifications.
Benjamin. D.
2000 “City.” Pp. 258-60 in
Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. David Noel
Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. The article includes a
drawing of Beer-sheba from the Iron Age II. In addition
to walls and a gate complex, the illustration shows
storehouses, water supply system, a well, and dwellings.
Daviau, P. M. and P. E. Dion
2002 “Moab Comes to Life.” Pp. 38-49,
63 in Biblical Archaeology Review 28, no. 1
(Jan/Feb 2002). The writers give a brief description of
the fortifications at al-Mudayna including a drawing of
a 6-chambered gate complex, casemate walls, and a tower.
Eddinger, T. W.
2000 “Fortress, Fortification.” Pp.
469-70 in Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed.
David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
2000 “Tower.” Pp. 1321-22 in Eerdmans Dictionary of the
Bible. Ed. David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
2000 “Walls.” Pp. 1363-65 in Eerdmans Dictionary of the
Bible. Ed. David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Herzog, Z.
1997 Archaeology of the City:
Urban Planning in Ancient Israel and Its Social
Implications. Tel Aviv Sonia and Marco Nadler
Institute of Archaeology Monograph Series, no. 13.
Sydney: Emery and Claire Yass Archaeology Press. See pp
221-258 for a discussion on Iron Age II urban planning,
including information on fortifications.
1997 “Fortifications: Bronze and Iron Ages.” See pp. 325-26 in
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East,
vol. 2. Ed. Eric M. Meyers. New York: Oxford University Press.
1992 “Settlement and Fortification Planning in the Iron Age.”
Pp. 231-74 in The Architecture of Ancient Israel: From the
Prehistoric to the Persian Periods. Ed. Aharon Kempinski
and Ronny Reich. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. Herzog
includes many photos and drawings of Iron Age city plans,
which show fortifications.
Hobbs, T. R.
2000 “War.” Pp. 1365-66 in
Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. David Noel
Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Khouri, R. G.
1997 “Tell Jawa: A Fortified Iron Age
Town on the Edge of the Ammonite Kingdom.” Jordan
Antiquity (March 17): 4-page email note. Khouri
discusses a casemate wall in this report.
Mazar, A.
1992 Archaeology and the Land of
the Bible 10,000-586 B.C.E. New York: Doubleday.
Good general overview of Iron Age fortifications in pp.
368-462.
Miller, J. M.
1991 Archaeological Survey of the
Kerak Plateau. Atlanta: Scholars. See the
description of sites #129 (Kh. Mdeinet el-Mu`arrajeh),
#143 (Kh. Mdeinet`Aliyā), #428 (Kh. el-`Akūzeh), and
#435 (Mdeibi).
Moyer, J. C.
2000 “Gate.” Pp. 483-84 in
Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. David Noel
Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Moyer’s article
includes an illustration of a six-chambered gate and a
casemate wall from Gezer.
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